Abstract: Guided by green and low-carbon transition, improving the efficiency of resource allocation is an important way to maintain fast economic growth and achieve high-quality development in China. To investigate green growth and resource misallocation in China, in this paper, green efficiency from 2000 to 2018 were assessed and decomposed from environmental and economic dimensions, and time-varying trends and regional differences in resource misallocation were analyzed. The results show that: green growth in China was improving, mainly driven by rapid economic growth and continuous improvement in resource allocation between regions; the main factor of green growth was the improvement of economic efficiency, instead of environment growth. From the perspective of resource misallocation, there existed obvious differences among regions. Most provinces were characterized by scarcity of resource, that is, structural inefficiency was positive, and a few provinces had excess factors, that is, structural inefficiency was negative; the overall resource allocation was improving and there existed significant club convergence. Based on the above research results, relevant policy recommendations on how to achieve high-quality development and optimize resource allocation are put forward in this paper.